They played a pivotal role in the introduction and modernization of the madrasahs in the Malay world. While al-Hadi was a descendant of a Malay-Hadhrami family, Haji Abdullah was a member of a local Minangkabau family. They were significant representatives of the urban-based intellectual and religious movement that emerged in the Malay world in the early twentieth century who came from the wealthy and intellectual families.
The study is based on the examination of articles and books written by al-Hadi and Haji Abdullah. The historical-analytical method is employed in the thesis. Finally, it explores the main social and religious contributions of these two reformists to the Islamic reformist movement in the Malay world. Secondly, it also examines the fundamental similarities and differences between the aim and content of their socio-religious reforms in addition to their methodological approach to the socio-religious problems in the Malay world. Firstly, it compares the careers and educational activities of Sayyid Shaykh al-Hadi (1867-1934) and Haji Abdullah Ahmad (1878-1933), ardent representatives of the Islamic reformist movement in the Malay world in the early twentieth century. The study will give more emphasis on the dynamics of the implementation of Islamic law, its historical development, typologies of Islamic law, leaders’ opinions regarding this issue, and the governments’ responses.This study has three central purposes. This article provides an historical account of the implementation of Islamic law in Aceh and how the issue of Islamic law has been debated.
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